CHAPTER-05:Management Of Project Design(Inclusion of Green Building)

CHAPTER-05

(Management Of Project Design)

(Inclusion of Green Building)

Introduction

During the design phase,importance of the translation of project requirements into detail drawings and specifications which is required for the construction contract documents.The key points regarding the translation of preliminary engineering and final design, managing the project schedule and performing constructability, value engineering (VE), Quality control (QC) and quality assurance (QA)  throughout development is important.

Design Phase

The design phase takes the project requirements through design criteria and conceptual design to the final design and construction documents for a contractor to bid on.The design sub-phases, alternatives analysis, conceptual design,and preliminary engineering – are all interrelated with the environmental clearance and process.analysis,

Role of Project Manager:

^§    Review and approve design concepts, preliminary engineering, and final engineering

^§    Provide and coordinate design review comments

^§    Participate in Value Engineering (VE) and risk assessment sessions

^§    Manage the design consultant’s efforts

^§    Monitor design costs and schedule

-        Oversee QA

  

-       Approve baseline capital cost and schedule.

Role of design consultant:

(a)   Establish design criteria assess and address project risk.

    

(b)   Perform conceptual design and preliminary engineering in support of the environmental clearance       document.

      

       (c) Perform technical studies, develop engineering criteria, and conduct VE and risk assessment.

      (d) Estimate capital cost and construction schedule throughout the design process.

   

      (e) Develop and apply internal QA/QC criteria for the review of deliverables.

 (f) Update capital cost estimates and construction schedule throughout the design process.

 

 (g) Produce final design drawings and specifications for the construction bid package.

Design Criteria: The design team will develop the criteria for the project based on the scope of work provided.Engineering analysis will establish a range of acceptable criteria or standards of project.

Conceptual Design – The design consultant will develop graphic plans based on functional requirements and safety as identified for the preferred alternative.In addition,they will analyze the project site (s) to determine the initial “look and feel” of the project once completed.The result of the conceptual design is a set of architectural plans,elevations,landscaping plan , site boundary, and topographic surveys.Depending on the site complexity the design may include other drawings such as grading,utility,and drainage plans.

     VALUE ENGINEERING

Agencies are encouraged to apply VE techniques to all projects. The objective of VE is to satisfy the required functions of the project at the lowest initial total cost and cost over the life of the project. Figure 5-3 provides an overview of the VE process.

Time of Performance Value Engineering

VE for a project should be performed early in the design process before major decisions have been completely incorporated into the design, including civil, systems, and architectural areas. Ideally, the project manager or the design manager will see that the VE is accomplished at or prior to the end of preliminary design.

The Procedure to Perform Value Engineering

The project manager have to coordinate the VE session that will consist of a multi-disciplined team of professionals, who preferably are not part of the design team. VE personnel can include electrical, mechanical, civil/structural, and construction engineers, as well as specialists in architecture, cost estimation, construction management, and transit O&M. 

   CONSTRUCTABILITY REVIEWS

Later in the design process, the design team will need to perform constructability reviews as part of the design process. Participants for constructability reviews can come from within your Agency, the design team, or assistance can be obtained from other transit agencies, code officials, independent consultants, or contractors.

 ^*   Eliminate construction requirements that are impossible or impractical to build.

^*  Maximize constructability, recognizing the availability and suitability of materials, the capability of labor resources, and the standards of practice of the construction resources. 

^*  Verify accurate depictions of site conditions with regard to  access, utilities, and general configuration.

*  Make sure of the adaptation of designed structures and features to the project site conditions and constraints.

^*    Determine adequacy of work and storage space including contractor access to the site.

^*    Determine appropriate construction durations and milestones.

^*   Verify requirements for QA/QC during construction.

^*   Clearly define procedures for scheduling outages and the feasibility of utility interruptions.

^*    Determine requirements for Agency-provided materials, equipment, services, and utility connections.

^*  Make certain that designs can be constructed using methods, materials, and equipment common to the construction industry.

^*    Pay attention to the requirements of the public including adjacent land use functions, existing transit patrons, and persons with disabilities.

^*    Make sure coordination is included with all operating elements of the existing transit system.

^*    Make certain adequate provisions are provided for access, staging, and storage of waste and supplies; 

    parking for worker and construction vehicles; and mitigation of environmental impacts during construction. 

     RISK ASSESSMENT

Ø Project risk is an unexpected event or circumstance that has a chance of occurring and that may prevent aproject from meeting its schedule and cost estimate/budget.

^Ø   Project risks can be divided into two main categories: design/construction risks and financial risks.

ØDesign/construction risks include weather conditions, contractors' inability to carry out the project, unforeseen site conditions, permitting delays, and so forth.

ØFinancial risks include revenue shortfalls, changes in the project cash demands, and changes in interest rates,among other things.

ØRisk is defined in terms of an event (what may occur to the detriment of the project),its probability(how 

     likely it is to occur),and the amount involved.

Examples of risks that the Agency project manager and the design consultant should consider for the project 

include:

	•	Real Estate		•	Historical Significance
		–	Property Acquisition		–	Protected Lands
		–	Relocation		–	Archaeological
		–	Condemn		–	Structures
		–	Eminent Domain	•    Contract phasing and packaging
	•	Public Utilities			–	Scope of Work
		–	Analysis and Coordination		–	Bid Process/Labor
		–	Agreements		–	Integrating Construction Packages
		–	Relocation	•    Community impacts and public perception
	•	Financial		•	Public hearing
	•	Politics			–	Marketing/Communication
		–	Internal/External		–	Safety and Security
	•	Environmental		•    Material, Equipment and Construction
		–	Environmental Impact Studies		Techniques

    QUALITY ASSURANCE AND QUALITY CONTROL:

Quality Assurance & Quality Controll Oversight 

The QA/QC plan is set in place for the design portion of the project. The plan should answer the questions of who is responsible and when in time actions should occur. More important, the quality plan needs to be maintained throughout the design phase so that as a new phase is initiated, it will reflect the appropriate quality requirements.

Quality Control – the act of taking measurements, testing, and inspecting a process or product to make sure that it meets specification. It also includes actions by those performing the work to control the quality of the work. Products may be design drawings or specifications, manufactured equipment, or constructed items. Quality Control also refers to the process of witnessing or attesting to, and documenting such actions.

Quality Assurance – making certain the project requirements are developed to meet the needs of all relevant internal and external agencies, planning the processes needed to assure quality of the project, making sure that equipment and staffing is capable of performing tasks related to project quality, making sure that contractors are capable of meeting and do carry out quality requirements, and documenting the quality efforts.

 SUSTAINABILITY (GREEN BUILDING) STANDARDS AND DESIGN

The Concept of Green Building Design:

Green building design can be thought of as the intelligent integration of technology with nature.  The primary objectives are:

^§    Energy:  Reduce energy consumption and operational costs.

^§    Materials:  Maximize the use of sustainable materials.

^§    Air Quality:  Minimize negative impacts on interior air quality.

^§    Productivity:  Improve the health, motivation and productivity of human occupants.

Sustainability design features can range from simple conservation features, such as the incorporation of low-

flow water fixtures and occupancy sensing light switches; to more high-end systems like geothermal heat 

pumps, solar electric panels, wind turbines, and vegetated roofs.

Reason for Considering Green Building Design?

The built environment has a profound impact on our natural environment, economy, health, and productivity:

   Benefits of Green Building

o    Environmental:

^§    Enhance and protect ecosystems and biodiversity

^§    Improve air and water quality

^§    Reduce solid waste

^§    Conserve natural resources

o  Economic:

^§    Reduce operating costs

^§    Enhance asset value and profits

^§    Improve employee productivity and satisfaction

^§    Optimize life-cycle economic performance.

o  Health and Community:

^§    Improve air, thermal, and acoustic environments

^§    Enhance occupant comfort and health

^§    Minimize strain on local infrastructure

^§    Contribute to overall quality of life

Rating system points are assigned to a design in seven different categories:

           -  Sustainable Sites

           -  Water Sites

           - Water Efficiency

           - Energy & Atmosphere

           - Indoor Environmental Quality

           - Innovation & Design Process

           - Regional Priority

SUSTAINABILITY DESIGN CONCEPTS

The design process should include:

   *  Design Charretes :used to set project goals including environmental goals.

   *  Site selection & how to use site sustainably.

   * Evaluation of existing building reuse.

   *  Energy Modeling:used to provide most energy efficient building that meets the most energy efficient budget.

Energy efficiency Analysis to evaluate.

                 

                                  Building Envelop

                     

                                  HVAC system

                                  

                                  Lighting System

Sustainable material selection:

                     

                                  Recycled Content

                                  Recyclability

                                  Local Materials.

                                  Low volatile Organic Compound.(VOC)

Commissioning to of all system to ensure proper installation & operation of all building system.

                                               (End of Chapter)
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